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Issue 86
HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY
UDK: 94(470.67)+911.373
THE EXPERIENCE OF RECONSTRUCTING THE PROCESS OF RURAL COMMUNITY FORMATION IN HIGHLAND DAGHESTAN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VILLAGE OF HARAKANI)
KHAPIZOV Shakhban Magomedovich,
NURMAGOMEDOV Abdulgamid M.
The article is a study of the process of formation and development of a large rural community Harakani in mountain Daghestan. The authors use written sources, oral traditions and archaeological materials. According to these data obtained, the process of forming Harakani began in the XIV century. It was kind of unification of representatives of 8 clans ( tukhums ) settlements into one large and fortified settlement. The detailed picture of settling is reconstructed by considering the ethnographic realities and legends recorded in the XIX-XX centuries. The same data allow to establish that for the first centuries after the formation of the new village, the division by tukhum blocks was preserved in it. The transition of the hereditary law to the Shariah at the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries and the gradual development of trade relations led to significant changes in the block settlement within Harakani as well as the destruction of the tukhum monopoly of land ownership around their former settlements. Due to the fact that Harakani included settlements that had land holdings behind the Gimry ridge, the community in question had large land territories until collectivization. The ownership of these lands had to be repeatedly defended in conflicts and trials. In the 1920s, the Gergentala settlement emerged on the territory of those lands in the Buynaksk district, and another part of them was given to the collective farm of Verkhny (Upper) Kazanishche village. Thus, the application of the retrospective method makes it possible to answer the main questions arising before the researcher of the history of the formation of the rural community in Highland Daghestan.
Pages: 33 - 40
Date: 30.09.2022