Issues:
Sections:
Issue 99
GENERAL BIOLOGY
UDK: 57.044:[57.017.32]
EFFECT OF METHYLENE BLUE ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, LEVELS OF EXPRESSION OF GENES OF IMMUNE STATUS AND METABOLISM IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)
The article presents the results of a study on the expression of genes related to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and metabolism in the liver and intestine of the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), along with histological examinations of these organs, blood biochemical parameters, and the intestinal microbial profile. The aim of the research was to investigate the aforementioned parameters in common carp following the application of methylene blue. Liver, intestinal, and blood samples from common carp were used for the study. The fish were maintained in 500-liter aquariums. Methylene blue (MB) was added at a concentration of 1 mg per liter of water. A control aquarium with water without MB addition was used for comparison. The fish were incubated in the aquarium for 7 days. The conducted histological, hematological, molecular genetic analyses, and study of the microbial profile demonstrate that methylene blue prevents toxic liver damage, stabilizes cell membranes, and supports the metabolic function of hepatocytes. Furthermore, at the administered dose, MB does not cause immunosuppression but rather helps minimize and regulate inflammatory processes, effectively reduces oxidative stress, and maintains liver homeostasis. It also normalizes the processes of lipogenesis, triglyceride hydrolysis, and ?-oxidation of fatty acids, as well as immune response processes, particularly the humoral response. In conclusion, short-term application of methylene blue exerts a multi-component protective effect. This work contributes to building a comprehensive understanding of the impact of correctly dosed methylene blue on the immune system of fish.
Pages: 12 - 22
Date: 30.12.2025