Issues:
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Issue 93
HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOGRAPHY
UDK: 94(470.67)
KAITAG IN THE POLITICAL LIFE OF DAGHESTAN AND THE NORTH-EASTERN CAUCASUS IN THE MIDDLE AGES
ALIEV Bagomed Gadaevich,
MURTAZAEV Arsen Omarovich
The article is devoted to the Kaitag (Haidak) lands, one of the largest, strongest and most influential possessions, its role and importance in the political life of Daghestan and the North-Eastern Caucasus. It is noted that from the very beginning of its appearance in the political arena of Daghestan Kaitag led an active policy to expand its territory and increase its influence on neighboring and even distant possessions and societies. Already in the XI-XII centuries, Kaitag annexed territories of a number of Dargin societies: Muira, Gapsh and Gank, later Zirikhgeran. The further strengthening of Kaitag is associated with the Mongol campaigns when it becomes a strong possession with great weight and influence on the territory of Daghestan and beyond. It is indicated that, occupying a huge territory, the utsmiys would controll the trade route connecting Derbent and Transcaucasia with North Caucasian cities and Italian colonial cities on the Black Sea. In the XIV-XV centuries, Kaitag is getting stronger even more. It is emphasized that Kaitag recovered quickly after the defeat inflicted by Timur in 1395, and already in the middle of the XV century the descendants of the utsmiys ruled the serfs and villages in Southern Daghestan and were related to the rulers of Shirvan. In the middle of the XV century, Kaitag included both Kaitag itself and the lands of a number of the Dargin, Kumyk and Lezgin unions. It is noted that some authors of the XIII-XV centuries even call the "mountains of the Caucasus" ("Kabkh mountains) the "Kaitak Mountains", and the bishopric of the "Caspian Gate" - "the country of Haidak". Kaitag also had supreme authority over Kumukh for some time, and in the middle of the XV century, the Kaitag utsmiy also rulled the lands near Tarki. Specific material is presented showing the participation and often the leading role of the utsmiys in various events of the XVII - early XVIII centuries. The article pays special attention to the policy of Kaitag and its ruler the utsmiy Ahmed Khan during the Persian campaign of Peter I in 1722. It shows how the utsmi, in contrast to Shamkhal Tarkovsky, pursued anti-Russian policy, provoked him to speak out against Russia, promising help. At the same time, he joined Russian citizenship and thereby retained his possession, expanded territories and became even stronger and more influential. Shamkhal was overthrown and exiled, and his domain was ravaged and plundered. The purpose of the article is to show what place Kaitag occupied in the political life of Daghestan and the North-Eastern Caucasus, what role it played in various political events.
Pages: 49 - 62
Date: 28.06.2024